Optics & Photonics

Telecommunication Networks

While deployment of new network technologies has not been steady over the years, it is useful to take a long-term view of how major new telecommunications infrastructures evolve. A telecommunications network is a collection of terminal nodes, links are connected so as to enable telecommunication between the terminals. The transmission links connect the nodes together. Next Generation Network(NGN) is a concept for the defining and establishing of the networks, allowing a formal distribution of functionalities into separate layers and planes by using open interfaces, Since the beginning of this decade, we have witnessed the emergence of new generations of three major communication networks. The market conditions, technology innovations, and services driving the need for intelligent all-optical, 3G wireless, and QoS-based packet networks. Market forces such as traffic and subscriber growth, equipment cost reduction, and new technology penetration have a deep impact on network buildouts. Technology innovations abound, especially in the optical domain. For example, Raman amplification, pure optical switches, and tunable lasers have had a major impact on the architecture of optical networks. Many key services, such as streaming audio and high-quality image transfer, were not possible using wireless access because of its limited bandwidth and performance. With 3G wireless technology, a true mobile Internet will become a reality. Businesses have shied away from the use of the public Internet because of service quality.

• Transmission networks
• Signaling and Control
• Data (packet) Switching and Routing
• Mobile Switching systems and Network